Preface: – Presently there are many types of cards available such as punch cards, magnetic cards, optical cards but all are having the disadvantage of performance degradation as we use them. Other disadvantages are: – They can not store much information. They can not be read from a distance. They lose their data if placed [...]

The Light Emitting Diode (LED), finds its place in many applications in this modern electronic fields. One of them is the Seven Segment Display. Seven-segment displays contains the arrangement of the LEDs in “Eight” (8) passion, and a Dot (.) with a common electrode, lead (Anode or Cathode). The purpose of arranging it in that [...]

Robotic Car is a miniature prototype car powered by batteries whose various movements can be control either manually or automatically, or the combination of both.

LCD pin descriptions: The LCD discussed in this section has 14 pins. The function of each pin is given in table. Vcc, Vss, and VEE: While Vcc and Vss  provide  +5V and ground, respectively, VEE  is used for controlling LCD contrast. RS – register select: There are two very important registers inside the LCD. The [...]