Automatic Railway Gate Control & Track Switching
Thursday, November 6th, 2008Hardware Description
The project consists of four main parts:
- 8051 microcontroller
- IR Transmitter
- IR Receiver
- Stepper Motor Circuit
8051 Microcontroller
The I/O ports of the 8051 are expanded by connecting it to an 8255 chip. The 8255 is programmed as a simple I/O port for connection with devices such as LEDs, stepper motors and sensors. More details of the 8255 are given later.
The following block diagram shows the various devices connected to the different ports of an 8255. The ports are each 8-bit and are named A, B and C. The individual ports of the 8255 can be programmed to be input or output, and can be changed dynamically. The control register is programmed in simple I/O mode with port A, port B and port C (upper) as output ports and port C (lower) as an input port.
Block diagram of 8051 Microcontroller
IR Circuits
This circuit has two stages: a transmitter unit and a receiver unit. The transmitter unit consists of an infrared LED and its associated circuitry.
IR Transitter
The transmitter circuit consists of the following components:
- IC 555
- Resistors
- Capacitors
- IR LED
The IR LED emitting infrared light is put on in the transmitting unit. To generate IR signal, 555 IC based astable multivibrator is used. Infrared LED is driven through transistor BC 548.
IC 555 is used to construct an astable multivibrator which has two quasi-stable states. It generates a square wave of frequency 38kHz and amplitude 5Volts. It is required to switch ‘ON’ the IR LED.
IR Transmitter
IR Receiver
The receiver circuit consists of the following components:
- TSOP1738 (sensor)
- IC 555
- Resistors
- Capacitors
The receiver unit consists of a sensor and its associated circuitry. In receiver section, the first part is a sensor, which detects IR pulses transmitted by IR-LED. Whenever a train crosses the sensor, the output of IR sensor momentarily transits through a low state. As a result the monostable is triggered and a short pulse is applied to the port pin of the 8051 microcontroller. On receiving a pulse from the sensor circuit, the controller activates the circuitry required for closing and opening of the gates and for track switching. The IR receiver circuit is shown in the figure below.
IR Receiver
Stepper motor circuit
Stepper motor circuit
Here a stepper motor is used for controlling the gates. A stepper motor is a widely used device that translates electrical pulses into mechanical movement. They function as their name suggests – they “step” a little bit at a time. Steppers don’t simply respond to a clock signal. They have several windings which need to be energized in the correct sequence before the motor’s shaft will rotate. Reversing the order of the sequence will cause the motor to rotate the other way.
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hello sir, pls send me the ckt for automatic railway gate control project on my email id that’s very important to me
Sir, i have selected dis for my project but i don’t find complete details like circuit diagram,codings, flow charts, please help me i want to do dis project sir:-) please help me by replying soon
sir
kindly send me the circuit diagram ,flow chart and relevent coding for this project
thanks
sir/mam
I am intresuted in this project. I want all detailed, ckt diagram, instrument discription. Please send me detailed as soon as posible.
Thanks
I am intresuted in this project. I want all detailed, ckt diagram, instrument discription. Please send me
sir,I am intresuted in this project. I want all detailed, ckt diagram, instrument discription. Please send me detailed as soon as posible. Thanks
sir,I am intresuted in this project. I want all detailed, ckt diagram, instrument discription. Please send me detailed give me as possible Thanks
sir kindly send me the circuit diagram and coding…please sir
sir….send me the circuit diagram
sir,I am intresuted in this project. I want in detailed about the project,so pls snd me ckt diagram…….
sir…i m interested in this project..plz snd me full details of this project such as circuit diagram n coding etc.i will b very thankful to you all detail sir please
sir …….
can i get the assembly or c code for this project ..
i will b very thankful to you…
sir, pls i want detail about this pronject…. pls send the pdf file to my mail id….. how i can do this project pls help us…….
sir can you give me the total circuit diagram, microprocessor program & flow chart for:
1.automatic railway track changing,
2.automatic railway gate,
3.anti collision system,
4.train running…
plz send me as soon as possible…i want to make it as my final year project…i will be very thanfull to you…
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