#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int cost[10][10],i,j,k,n,queue[10],front,rear,v,visit[10],visited[10];
void main()
{
	int m;
	clrscr();
	cout <<"enterno of vertices";
	cin >> n;
	cout <<"ente no of edges";
	cin >> m;
	cout <<"\nEDGES \n";
	for(k=1;k<=m;k++)
	{
		cin >>i>>j;
		cost[i][j]=1;
	}
	cout <<"enter initial vertex";
	cin >>v;
	cout <<"Visitied vertices\n";
	cout << v;
	visited[v]=1;
	k=1;
	while(k<n)
	{
		for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
			if(cost[v][j]!=0 && visited[j]!=1 && visit[j]!=1)
			{
				visit[j]=1;
				queue[rear++]=j;
			}
		v=queue[front++];
		cout<<v << " ";
		k++;
		visit[v]=0;
		visited[v]=1;
	}
	getch();
}

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int cost[10][10],i,j,k,n,stack[10],top,v,visit[10],visited[10];
void main()
{
	int m;
	cout <<"enterno of vertices";
	cin >> n;
	cout <<"ente no of edges";
	cin >> m;
	cout <<"\nEDGES \n";
	for(k=1;k<=m;k++)
	{
		cin >>i>>j;
		cost[i][j]=1;
	}
	cout <<"enter initial vertex";
	cin >>v;
	cout <<"ORDER OF VISITED VERTICES";
	cout << v <<" ";
	visited[v]=1;
	k=1;
	while(k<n)
	{
		for(j=n;j>=1;j--)
			if(cost[v][j]!=0 && visited[j]!=1 && visit[j]!=1)
			{
				visit[j]=1;
				stack [top]=j;
				top++;
			}
		v= stack [--top];
		cout<<v << " ";
		k++;
		visit[v]=0; visited[v]=1;
	}
	getch();
}

#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<dos.h>
class student 
{
	int roll;
	char name[25];
	char add [25];
	char *city;
	public: student()
	{
		cout<<"welcome in the student information system"<<endl;
	}
	void getdata()
	{
		cout<<"\n enter the student roll no.";
		cin>>roll;
		cout<<"\n enter the student name";
		cin>>name;
		cout<<\n enter ther student address";
		cin>>add;
		cout<<"\n enter the student city";
		cin>>city;
	}
	void putdata()
	{
		cout<,"\n the student roll no:"<<roll;
		cout<<"\n the student name:"<<name;
		cout<<"\n the student coty:"<<city;
	}
};
class mrks: public student
{
	int sub1;
	int sub2;
	int sub3;
	int per;
	public: void input()
	{
		getdata();
		cout<<"\n enter the marks1:"
		cin>>sub1:
		cout<<"\n enter the marks2:";
		cin>>sub2;
		cout<<\n enter the marks3:";
		cin>>sub3;
	}
	void output()
	{
		putdata();
		cout<<"\n marks1:"<<sub1;
		cout<<"\n marks2:"<<sub2;
		cout<<"\n marks3:"<<sub3;
	}
	void calculate ()
	{
		per= (sub1+sub2+sub3)/3;
		cout<<"\n tottal percentage"<<per;
	}
};
 
void main()
{
	marks m1[25];
	int ch;
	int count=0;
	do 
	{
		cout<<\n1.input data";
		cout<<\n2.output data";
		cout<<\n3. Calculate percentage";
		cout<<\n4.exit";
		cout<<\n enter the choice";
		cin>>ch;
		switch (ch)
		{
			case 1:
			m1.input();
			count++;
			break;
 
                        case2:
			m1.output();
			break;
 
			case3:
			m1.calculate();
			break;
		}
	} while (ch!=4);
}

#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<process.h>
class complex
{
	int real;
	float image;
	public:
	void getdata()
	{
		cout<<"\n enter the real part of the complex";
		cin>>real;
		cout<<"\n enter the imaginary part of the complex";
		cin>>image;
	}
	void operator + (complex);
	void operator - (complex);
};
 
void complex :: operator +  (complex c1)
{
	complex temp;
	temp.real=real+c1.real;
	temp.image=image+c1.image;
	if (temp.image>=0);
	{
		cout<<"\n complex no. after addition:";
		cout<<temp.real<<"+"<<temp.image<<"i";
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"\n complex no. after addition ";
		cout<<temp.real<<temp.image<<"i";
	}
}
void complex ::operator-(complex c1)
{
	complex temp;
	temp.real = real-c1.image;
	temp.image= image-c1.image;
	if (temp.image>=0)
	{
		cout<<"\n complex no. after subtraction";
		cout<<"\n temp.real<<"+"<<temp.image<<"i";
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"\n complex no. after subtraction";
		cout<<temp.real<<temp.image<<"i"
	}
}
void main()
{
	clrscr();
	comp.ex c1, c2;
	int n;
	do 
	{
		cout<<"\n 1. Input data for complex no. ";
		cout<<"\n 2. Addition of complex no. ";
		cout<<"\n 3. Subtraction of complex no. ";
		cout<<"\n 4. Quit";
		cout<<"\n Enter your choice";
		cin>>n;
		switch(n)
 
		{ 
			 case1:
			 cout<<endl<<"\n Enter the data for First Complex No......";
			 cl.getdata();
			 cout<<endl<<"\n Enter the data for seconds Complex No.....";
			 c2.getdata();
			 clrscr();
			 break;
 
			 case 2;
			 cl+c2;
			 getch();
			 clrscr();
			 break;
 
			 case 3:
			 cl-c2;
			 getch();
			 clrscr();
			 brak;
 
			 case 4:
			 exit91);
			 break;
			}
		} while (n!=4);
     getch();
}

 #include<stdio.h> 	
 #include<iostream.h>
 #include<conio.h>
 class rational 
 {
	 int numer;
	 int denom;
	 public:
	 void getdata()
	 {
		 cout<<"\n enter the numerator part of the rational no.";
		 cin>>numer;
		 cout<<"\n enter the denominator part of the rational no.";
		 cin>>denom;
	 }
	 void operator+(rational);
	 void operator-(rational);
	 void operator *(rational);
	 void operator /(rational);
 };
 void rational ::operator+(rational c1)
 {
	 rational temp;
	 temp.numer=(numer*c1.denom)+(c1.numer*denom);
	 temp.denom=denom*c1.denom;
	 cout<<"\nrational no. after addition";
	 cout<<"\n numerator="<<temp.numer<<"\n denominator ="<<temp.denom;
 }
 void raional ::operator -(rational c1)
 {
	 rational temp;
	 temp.numer=(numer*c1.denom)-(c1.numer*denom);
	 temp.denom=denom*c1.denom;
	 cout<<"\n rational no. after subtraction";
	 cout<<"\n numerator="<<temp.numer<,"\n denominator ="<<temp.denom;
 }
 void rational ::operator (rational c1)
 {
	 rational temp;
	 temp.numer=numer*c1.numer;
	 temp.denom=denom*c1.denom;
	 cout<<"\n rational no. after multiplication";
	 cout <<"\n numerator="<temp.numer<<"\n denominator ="<< temp.denom;
 }
 void rational :: operator /(rational c1)
 {
	 rational temp;
	 temp.numer= numer*c1.denom;
	 temp.denom=c1.numer*denom;
	 cout<<"\n rational no. after dividation";
	 cout <<"\n numerator="<<temp.numer<<"\n denominator ="<<temp.denom;
 }
 void main()
 { 
	 clrscr();
	 rational c1, c2;
	 int n;
	 do 
	 {
		 cout<<"\n 1.Input data for rational no. ";
		 cout<<"\n 2. Addition of rational no. "; 
		 cout<<"\n 3. Subtraction of rational no. ";
		 cout<<"\n 4. Multiplication of rational no.";
		 cout<<\n  5. Division of rational no. ";
		 cout<<"\n 6. Quit";
		 cout<<"\n Enter your choice";
		 cin>>n;
		 switch(n)
		 {
			 case 1:
			 cout<<endl<<"\n enter the data for first rational no.";
			 c1.getdata();
			 cout<<endl<<"\n enter the data for second rational no. ";
			 c2.getdata ();
			 clrscr();
			 break;
			 case 2;
			 c1+c2;
			 getch();
			 clrscr();
			 break;
			 case 3;
			 c1-c2;
			 getch();
			 clrscr();
			 case 4: 
			 c1*c2;
			 getch();
			 clrscr();
			 break;
			 case 5:
			 c1/c2;
			 getch();
			 clrscr();
			 break;
			 case 6:
			 exit(1);
			 break;
		 }
	 } while (n!=6);
	 getch();
 }

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class array
{
 public: void readarray();
         void multiply();
};
void array::readarray()
{
	int a[10];
	cout<<"Enter the elements of the Array"<<endl;
	for(int i=0;i<=9;i++)
	  cin>>a[i];
}
void array::multiply()
{
	int i,j,a[10],temp[10];
	for(i=0;i<=9;i++)
	{
		for(j=0;j<=9;j++)
		temp[i]=(a[i]*10);
	}
	cout<<"Result are as follows"<<endl;
	for(j=0;j<=9;j++)
		cout<<temp[j]<<endl;
}
void main()
{
	array mul;
	clrscr();
	mul.readarray();
	mul.multiply();
	getch();
}

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<ctype.h>
#include<fstream.h>
 
void main( )
{
	ofstream outfile;
	ifstream  infile;
	char fname1[10],fname2[20];
	char ch,uch;
	clrscr( );
	cout<<"Enter a file name to be copied ";
	cin>> fname1;
	cout<<"Enter new file name";
	cin>>fname2;
	infile.open(fname1);
 
if( infile.fail( ) )
	{
		cerr<< " No such a file Exit";
		getch();
		exit(1);
	}
	outfile.open( fname2);
		if(outfile.fail( ))
		{
			cerr<<"Unable to create a file";
			getch();
			exit(1);
		}
	while( !infile.eof( ) )
	{
		ch = (char) infile.get( );
		uch = toupper(ch);
		outfile.put(uch);
	}
	infile.close( );
	outfile.close( );
	getch( );
}

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<fstream.h>
class student
{
private:
int rno;
char name[10];
float fees;
public:
void getdata()
{
cout<<"roll number";
cin>>rno;
cout<<endl;
cout<<"enter name:";
cin>>name;
cout<<endl<<"enter fees:";
cin>>fees;
}
void dispdata()
{
cout<<"Roll number"<<rno<<endl;
cout<<"Name"<<name<<endl;
cout<<"Fees"<<fees;
}
};
 
void main()
{
student s1;
clrscr();
ofstream stdfile("c:\\std.txt");
//fstream stdfile;
//stdfile.open("c:\\std.txt",ios::out|ios::in);  //open file for output
char wish;
//writing to the file
do
{
s1.getdata();
stdfile.write((char*)&s1,sizeof(student));
cout<<"continue ? y/n";
cin>>wish;
}
while(wish=='y'||wish=='Y');
stdfile.close();   //close the file
 
getch();
}