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Line Following Robot

Ranjith — Fri, 01 Jul 2011 07:08:41 +0000

Project By: HBeonLabs, Greater Noida, India
Project cost: Rs. 4000/-
How to buy: Just send a mail to info@electrofriends.com

This Project Line Following Autonomous Robot is based on 8 bit Microcontroller. This Robot follows the black line which is drawn over the white surface or it follows the white line which is drawn over the black surface. The infrared sensors are used to sense the line. When the infrared signal falls on the white surface, it gets reflected and if it falls on the black surface, it is not reflected this principle is used to scan the Lines for the Robot. All the above systems are controlled by the Microcontroller. Microcontroller gets the signals from the infrared sensors and it drives the motors according to the sensor inputs. Two stepper motors are used to drive the robot.

THEORY OF OPERATION-: How to sense a black line The sensors used for the project are Reflective Object Sensors, 0PB710F that are already ready in the Electronic Lab. The single sensor consists of an infrared emitting diode and a NPN Darlington phototransistor. When a light emitted from the diode is reflected off an object and back into the phototransistor, output current is produced, depending on the amount of infrared light, which triggers the base current of the phototransistor. In my case, the amount of light reflected off a black line is much less than that of a white background, so we can detect the black line somehow by measuring the current. (This current is converted to voltage.)

ii) How to control a DC motor
Instead of applying a constant voltage across a DC motor, we repeat switching on and off the motor with a fixed voltage (Vcc) applied to the motor. This is done by sending a train of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) pulses to a power MOSFET in order to turn it on and off. Then, the motor sees the average voltage while it depends on duty cycle of PWM pulses. The speed of rotation is proportion to this average voltage.
By PWM method, it’s easier to control the DC motor than by directly controlling the voltage across it. All we have to do is to modulate pulse width, in ord

BLOCK DIAGRAM-:

Project By: HBeonLabs, Greater Noida, India
Project cost: Rs. 4000/-
How to buy: Just send a mail to info@electrofriends.com

Electronic Identification and Personal Information card using 8951 Microcontroller

Ranjith — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 04:55:52 +0000

Preface: – Presently there are many types of cards available such as punch cards, magnetic cards, optical cards but all are having the disadvantage of performance degradation as we use them.

Other disadvantages are: -

They can not store much information.
They can not be read from a distance.
They lose their data if placed under magnetic field or even on scratching.
There is no security to protect card data whereas in our card this is achieved with the provision of passwords.
There is no Re-Writable memory for temporary data storage such as railway reservation ticket.

The above-mentioned shortcomings are technical but there are user related problems also when one needs to handle a large number of cards at a time to obtain diverse information (Atm, Credit card, License, Voter Id. etc.). The user is highly inconvenienced as he is required to change over the cards frequently, so we have designed a card which combines information contained in a variety of cards. Since data is transferred using IR sensors so in many applications we can identify the user from a distance. We can also lock the data stored in card by using various passwords. Card can also store specific data in RAM for temporary use such as railway reservation, air bookings etc. we can also use the cards in automatic doors fitted with sensors which read the card from some distance and open the door only for authorized card holders.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

1. Card Unit: -

Block diagram of card unit

IR Sensors: - We are using here the infrared light as communication medium because of its low cost and better reception in short range communication. To make the receiver perform better it is designed to recognize the switching IR light of particular wavelength.

The wave length and switching frequency can be taken from the manufacturers data sheets

Buffer Amplifier: – The O\P of sensor does not have the current capacity to drive the microcontroller hence we use the buffer amplifier between sensor and micro controller.

Buffer Amp 2: – This section provides the current gain to signals coming from microcontroller.

Astable M.V.: – It generates the switching waveform to switch the IR LED on & off the frequency of the M.V. depends upon the sensor used.

Micro controller: – This is the part of card which stores the data in its EEPROM & also performs all the operations required for testing the incoming data & to decide the response of received data. It also controls the mode of serial communication and speed of communication.

2. PC Unit: –

Block diagram of PC Unit

For the pc unit all the blocks are same but instead of using microcontroller we use serial port of pc which follows the RS232 standard hence we use a Level Converter between port and Buffer Amp.
The first level converter converts the TTL signals in to RS232 signals & second level converter converts the RS232 signals to TTL signals. The conversion is necessary because the sensors & M.V. works on TTL logic.

3. Door unit: –

Block diagram of door unit

Here we implemented one utility of the card by opening the cabin door (in office) automatically as the authorized person come up to a certain distance from door, by reading his or her card from distance.

Now if the cards data does not match with door unit it sends the persons card number to PC & ask to open the door if operator press Y the door unit will open the gate.

To complete the door unit we require combining the following section as shown in block diagram.
Now we see that all the sections as same as we have discussed in previous blocks except that Relay & Beeper section. So we will discuss only this section. The door unit performs the two work one send data to call the specific data from card & read data from card through sensor. Now if persons card no does not match with unit it sends the pulses the beeper unit which produce the intermittent beep sound to indicate that door is not opened.

AT89Sxx Cheap and Simple Learning Board

Tahan Prahara — Tue, 18 Aug 2009 13:38:41 +0000

Build your own a cheap simple Microcontroller learning board S-52. The board is based on ATMEL’s new ISP chip AT89S51, AT89S52, or AT89S53. This board can be used by beginners for learning Assembly and C language programming. Single sided PCB file included.

Introduction

I have designed this leaning board to be used as a tool for learning MCS-51 Microcontrollers.

The AT89Sxx learning board features,

Designed for new ISP chips, 89S51, 89S52, and 89S53, 40-pin DIP,
In System Programmable (ISP) through the 6-pin header and a jumper, (no need external programmer),
TxD and RxD serial port for communicating with serial devices,
32 bit GPIO,
Onboard rectifier and +5V DC voltage regulator,
Single Sided PCB design.

Hardware

The board design is kept as simple as possible so that everone can make the learning board easily. The schematic shown below shows the complete hardware schematic of the AT89Sxx learning board. PORT0, PORT1, PORT2, and PORT3 are available for interfacing external devices. P3.0 and P3.1 are being used for RS232 interface.

Figure1: Complete hardware schematics: MCU, and power supply

Components:

R1 330 1/4W +/-5%

R2 10K 1/4W +/-5%

R3-10 10K 1/4W +/-5% (for pull up on P0)

C1 1000uF/16V electrolytic capacitor

C2 100uF/16V electrolytic capacitor

C3 100nF multilayer or ceramic

C4 10uF/16V electrolytic

C5,C6 33pF ceramic

D1 1N4001 / 1N4002 silicon rectifier diode

D2 LED

U1 LM7805, voltage regulator

U1 AT89S51, AT89S52 or AT89S53

X1 Crystal 1MHz – 33MHz (11.0592MHz is suitable for standard BAUD rate generator using timer1, says 9600 )

DB25 parallel port, 25pins connector

Construction

In order to make the AT89Sxx learning board, download the PCB ZIP file click on PCB ZIP FILES link given below. The file contains the single sided PCB track layout in PDF. Use the convenient file for making the PCB. Put the components as shown in the picture shown below.

How to make PCB?

You can print the PCB file. I have designed it using Express PCB (freeware)
Figure2: Component placement layout.
Then copy with copier machine on tranparant paper. If you have a laser printer, you can print it on transparant paper or glossy photo paper.
After that, pell on PCB with clothes Iron.
After 5-15 minutes I turn off the clothes iron and remove the board to let it cool down.
It needs to cool down because it is quit hot (30-40 degree Celcius)
Remove the paper form PCB. You can see how I am removing that paper. Movie file

AT89Sxx Cheap and Simple Learning Board

Code Programming

The SPI In system Programming adapter such as Cheap Loader Cable of Asim’s ISP for 89S51 89S52 can be used for program loading to the MCU. Connect the ISP adapters 6 pin connector with the 6 pin ISP header on this board. Run the ISP software on PC for sending the Intel hex file to microcontroller. Then program will start running.

Figure4: ISP cable schematics

Figure5: How to connect isp cable to board

Figure6: ISP Flash Programmer

Project by Tahan Prahara, prahara_satria@yahoo.co.id

Vehicle Monitoring and Security System

Ranjith — Sun, 07 Jun 2009 11:15:30 +0000

ABSTRACT: In this modern, fast moving and insecure world, it is become a basic necessity to be aware of one’s safety. Maximum risks occur in situations wherein an employee travels for money transactions. Also the Company to which he belongs should be aware if there is some problem. What if the person traveling can be tracked and also secured in the case of an emergency?! Fantastic, isn’t it? Of course it is and here’s a system that functions as a tracking and a security system. It’s the VMSS. This system can deal with both pace and security.

The VMSS (Vehicle Monitoring and Security System) is a GPS based vehicle tracking system that is used for security applications as well. The project uses two main underlying concepts. These are GPS (Global Positioning System) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication). The main application of this system in this context is tracking the vehicle to which the GPS is connected, giving the information about its position whenever required and for the security of each person travelling by the vehicle. This is done with the help of the GPS satellite and the GPS module attached to the vehicle which needs to be tracked. The GPS antenna present in the GPS module receives the information from the GPS satellite in NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) format and thus it reveals the position information. This information got from the GPS antenna has to be sent to the Base station wherein it is decoded. For this we use GSM module which has an antenna too. Thus we have at the Base station; the complete data about the vehicle.

Along with tracking the vehicle, the system is used for security applications as well. Each passenger/employee will have an ID of their own and will be using a remote containing key for Entry, Exit and Panic. The Panic button is used by the driver or the passenger so as to alert the concerned of emergency conditions. On pressing this button, an alarm will be activated which will help the passenger/employee in emergencies and keep them secure throughout the journey. The vehicle can also be immobilized remotely.

INTRODUCTION:

Of all the applications of GPS, Vehicle tracking and navigational systems have brought this technology to the day-to-day life of the common man. Today GPS fitted cars, ambulances, fleets and police vehicles are common sights on the roads of developed countries. Known by many names such as Automatic Vehicle Locating System (AVLS), Vehicle Tracking and Information System (VTIS), Mobile Asset Management System (MAMS), these systems offer an effective tool for improving the operational efficiency and utilization of the vehicles.

GPS is used in the vehicles for both tracking and navigation. Tracking systems enable a base station to keep track of the vehicles without the intervention of the driver whereas navigation system helps the driver to reach the destination. Whether navigation system or tracking system, the architecture is more or less similar. The navigation system will have convenient, usually a graphic display for the driver which is not needed for the tracking system. Vehicle tracking systems combine a number of well-developed technologies.

To design the VMSS system, we combined the GPS’s ability to pin-point location along with the ability of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) to communicate with a control center in a wireless fashion. The system includes GPS-GSM modules and a base station called the control center.

Let us briefly explain how VMSS works. In order to monitor the vehicle, it is equipped with a GPS-GSM VMSS system. It receives GPS signals from satellites, computes the location information, and then sends it to the control center. With the vehicle location information, the control center displays all of the vehicle positions on an electronic map in order to easily monitor and control their routes. Besides tracking control, the control center can also maintain wireless communication with the GPS units to provide other services such as alarms, status control, and system updates.

The design takes into consideration important factors regarding both position and data communication. Thus, the project integrates location determination (GPS) and cellular (GSM) – two distinct and powerful technologies in a single system.

VMSS is based on a PIC microcontroller-based system equipped with a GPS receiver and a GSM Module operating in the 900 MHz band. We housed the parts in one small plastic unit, which was then mounted on the vehicle and connected to GPS and GSM antennas. The position, identity, heading, and speed are transmitted either automatically at user-defined time intervals or when a certain event occurs with an assigned message (e.g.; accident, alert, or leaving/entering an admissible geographical area).

The GPS Module outputs the vehicle location information such as longitude, latitude, direction, and Greenwich Time every five minutes. The GSM wireless communications function is based on a GSM network established in a valid region and with a valid service provider. Via the SMS provided by the GSM network, the location information and the status of the GPS-GSM VMSS are sent to the control center. Meanwhile, the VMSS receives the control information from the control center via the same SMS. Next, the GPS-GSM VMSS sends the information stored in the microcontroller via an RS-232 interface.

There are two ways to use the VMSS’ alarm function, which can be signified by either a buzzer or presented on LCD. The first way is to receive the command from the control center; second way is to manually send the alarm information to the control center with the push of a button.

The base station consists of landline modem(s) and GIS workstation. The information about the vehicle is received at a base station and is then displayed on a PC based map. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provides a current, spatial, visual representation of transit operations. It is a special type of computerized database management system in which geographic databases are related to one via a common set of location coordinates.

STAGES OF VMSS

STAGE 1:

Driver starts his trip from the transport office.
VMSS transmits the Driver I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station.

STAGE 2:

Taxi picks up the employee/passenger from their residence.
VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station. Therefore base station will be able to keep a track of the vehicle and thus the employee/passenger.

STAGE 3:

Taxi drops the employee/passenger to the workplace.
VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station.

STAGE 4:

Taxi picks the employee/passenger from the workplace.
VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station. Therefore this enables the base station to estimate the time if required and also keep a track of the vehicle, passenger and the driver.

STAGE 5:

Taxi drops the employee/passenger to their residence.
VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station and makes sure that the job is 100% complete.

Digital IC Tester

Ranjith — Thu, 20 Nov 2008 14:38:32 +0000

An Integrated Circuit tester (IC tester) is used to test Integrated Circuits (ICs). We can easily test any digital IC using this kind of an IC tester. For testing an IC, we need to use different hardware circuits for different ICs; like we need a particular kind of tester for testing a logic gate and another for testing flip flops or shift registers which involves more complication and time involved will also be more. So here’s an IC tester to overcome this problem. Unlike other IC testers, this is more reliable and easier since we don’t need to rig up different kind of circuits for different kind of ICs, each time we need to test them.

Unlike the IC testers available in the market today which are usually expensive, this IC tester is affordable and user-friendly. This IC tester is constructed using 8951 microcontroller along with a keyboard and a display unit. It can test digital ICs having a maximum of 24 pins. Since it is programmable, any number of ICs can be tested within the constraint of the memory available. This IC tester can be used to test a wide variety of ICs which includes simple logic gates and also sequential and combinational ICs like flip-flops, counters, shift registers etc. It is portable and easy to use.

The block diagram of the programmable digital IC tester is as shown in below. It consists of two 8951 microcontroller ICs, a 24-pin IC socket, a keyboard unit, a display unit and indicators.

To test a particular digital IC, one needs to insert the IC into the IC socket and enter the IC number using the keyboard and then press the “ENTER” key. The IC number gets displayed in the 7-segment display unit.

Four LEDs are provided as indicators. If the IC being tested is a logic gate, then each of the 4 indicator LEDs correspond to the 4 gates of the IC. In any other case wherein the inserted IC is not a logic gate, all the 4 LEDs work as a single indicator.

Digital IC Tester

Block diagram of Programmable Digital IC Tester:

Block diagram

Intelligent Train Engines

Ranjith — Thu, 20 Nov 2008 03:00:51 +0000

We know that the railway network of India is the biggest in south Asia and perhaps the most complicated in all over the world. There are so many different types of trains local, fast, super fast, passenger, goods…. etc. and their so many multiple routs. Although the time table is perfect it is not at all possible to maintain it. And that’s why the train accidents are becoming more and more usual. So why not we add a kind of intelligence to the train engines itself so that it tries to avoid accidents.

The idea is whenever any engine observes a red signal on its track it will start decreasing its speed gradually and stops automatically at some distance from the signal pole. After then when it gets green signal the driver can manually start the train and go on. In the mean time when train has not stopped yet and a red signal becomes green then it crosses the signal pole with low speed and then driver can slowly increase the speed.

So now before the driver observes the red signal the engine itself observes it and automatically starts decreasing speed and then stops. The driver can feel relax in driving because he doesn’t have to take care about red signal. Even if he forgets to take any action on red signal then also we can avoid accidents by the implementation of this idea.

General description:

What we have to do is we have to attach a transmitter with signal pole which will start transmitting signals only when the red light is on. If there is green light no transmission. The engine has a receiver which catches these transmitted signals and takes desire actions.

Both the transmitter and receiver are of RF type with minimum range of 2 Km. so that train can get enough time to decrease its speed and stop before the signal pole with minimum swapping distance of 100-200 mt.

Here in our project we have used IR transmitter and receiver instead of RF for demo purpose. But same idea can be easily implemented with RF also with a little more cost.

Lets first discuss the demonstration model.

Demonstration Model:

The train engine runs on 24V DC motor so that we can easily vary its speed by varying applied voltage. The switching voltage is applied in step of 18 V, 15 V, 12 V and 9 V (min speed). The 230 VAC is step-down to 24 VAC by 12-0-12, 2 Ampere step down transformer. As shown in figure this 24 VAC line runs parallel with track at the top of the train. Movable tapping are taken from this line and fed to the internal circuit of engine. These tapping slides as the train runs on the track and give continuous supply to circuit. The IR sensor is placed at the top of the engine, senses the signals transmitted by IR transmitter attached to signal pole. Train track is straight and 20 ft long. Signal pole is placed at the end of track and train starts from farther end.

Model of Intelligent Train Engines

Robotic car using 8951 Microcontroller

Ranjith — Wed, 19 Nov 2008 11:29:22 +0000

Robotic Car is a miniature prototype car powered by batteries whose various movements can be control either manually or automatically, or the combination of both. Here the command is given through keyboard; it would have been better if we used IR remote control or something of that kind rather than using keyboard for commanding. However, by realizing the complexities we have made simple using keyboard.

Block diagram of the project:

Some photographs of this model:

Robotic car model

Project Description:

Keyboard section:

There are six switches in this section. They are

Turn left.
Turn right.
Stop.
About turn.
Park left.
Park right.

Circuit diagram of keyboard is shown bellow.

Keyboard circuit of the Robotic car

Car section:

There are many sub sections in this section. They are

Motor:

We are using a 5V dc motor to drive the vehicle. The speed of the vehicle and its strength is controlled by the proper use of pulley. The rear wheel of the vehicle is connected to this motor through a pulley. This motor is meant for moving the vehicle both in forward and backward direction. Microcontroller (8051) controls the forward and backward movement of the vehicle in the following manner:

Circuit diagram of Motor connection

Here in the above circuit, T1, T2, T3, T4 are the NPN power transistor (2N3055). A0, A1, A2, A3 are the signals coming from the micro controller. With the specific combination of A0, A1, A2, A3 we can change the direction of rotation of motor as follows:

Case I: When   A0=high; A3=high; & A1=low; A2=low
The motor rotates in clockwise direction

Case II: When   A0=low; A3=low; & A1=high; A2=high
The motor rotates in anti-clockwise direction

Case III: When   A0=low; A3=low; A1=low; A2=low
The motor stops the rotation.

Water level indicator cum controller

Ranjith — Wed, 19 Nov 2008 10:23:00 +0000

The present concept implements controlling of pump which pumps water from the sump (underground tank) to the overhead tank, using 8951 microcontroller.

The control panel, i.e. the main control unit of the system which consists of the primary control switches, pump indicator, siren and level indicators. The visual example of how switches And the indicators can be placed as shown the figure below.

Front view of the model

In the figure shown above there are total of nine LEDs, four of which indicates the water level in the tank, another four indicates the water level in the sump and one LED indicates whether the pump is ON/OFF. It also consists of three switches.

Switch 1 is the main power switch which is used to activate the system.
Switch 2 is used to select whether to operate the pump in AUTO or MANUAL mode.
Switch 3 comes to picture only when the system is operated in MANUAL mode. It controls the direct activation of the pump.

Description :

This system is built around an 8951 microcontroller and the circuit diagram is as given below.

Circuit diagram of Water level indicator cum controller

As you can see in the above diagram, port 0 is exclusively used as an input port which takes the information regarding the water level in the sump as well as in the overhead tank.

Port 1 is used as output port which is connected to the indicator that indicates the water level in both the tanks.

Port 2 is used as in/out port, it takes the input from switch 2 and switch 3 and gives the output which is connected to pump indicator, siren and the relay which controls the switching of the pump.

Working of the system:

There are two modes of working for the system

Manual mode
Auto mode

Which is controlled by switch 2 (refer control panel diagram)

Manual mode:

When the system is active and in manual mode, it only indicates the water levels in the tanks and it doesn’t control any working of the pump. To activate the pump in manual mode switch 3 is used.

In this mode the operator should manually control the working of the pump. As in case if the tank is full, operator should switch of the pump which is not the case when compared to auto mode.

Auto mode:

When the system is active and in auto mode, it only indicates the water levels in the tanks and it controls the working of the pump.

Programmable number lock system

Ranjith — Wed, 19 Nov 2008 09:45:35 +0000

Programmable number lock system is a high security number lock system that can be used to lock electronic devices. The present system is very user friendly. This system is a combination of software and hardware at its best. We have used a 8051 microcontroller kit for interfacing our system.
In the present design we can activate or deactivate 9 devices. Each device is locked using a 4 digit code (password). The code can be set as per the user’s desire, hence the name ‘ PROGRAMMABLE ‘. For the device to be activated (unlocked), the user should enter the code that had been entered when the device was locked. In case the user enters the wrong code a silent alarm will be activated.

Introduction to Programmable number lock system:

The system has three units, namely:

Keyboard unit.
Display unit.
Control unit.

The keyboard unit consists of 9 number keys, 1 unlock key and 1 lock key. These are all push button switches. This unit is used to select the desired device and to enter the codes into the system. It is also used to request the system to lock/unlock the selected device.

The display section contains 5 seven segment display. This unit displays the device number and the code entered. This section is detachable. If detached it does not affect the working of the whole system. This unit also contains password reset button and an LED to indicate the error when the device is already locked and user wants to lock the device again. The error indicator also indicates an error when the system is already unlocked and the user tries to unlock the same.

The control unit is the heart of our system. It contains the necessary circuitry for the control of the device .This unit controls 9 devices, which is lock/unlock by selecting it using the keyboard and entering the password. If the code entered to unlock the device is wrong, then a silent alarm is triggered .The keyboard unit and the display unit are connected to this unit.

All these three units are merged together to form the whole system.

Model of Programmable number lock system

Block diagram of Programmable number lock system:

Block diagram of Programmable number lock system:

Working of the system:

When the system is initially installed the reset button is pressed. This key is present in the control unit. This unlocks all the devices. This is to avoid undesired functioning of the system.

To lock a particular device the device number is selected using the keyboard. Once the device is selected the user has to press the lock key present in the keyboard. Now the device waits for the user to enter the the code. The user can enter a 4 digit number using the keyboard as per his desire. Once all the 4 digits are entered the system electronically locks the selected device.

In the same manner to unlock a particular device, the device number is entered using the keyboard. Once the device number is selected the code for the selected device is entered. If the entered code matches the code that had been entered while that particular device was locked then the selected device will be activated (unlocked). If the codes do not match each other a silent alarm will be triggered (a LED placed in the control section. Shown in figure 3).An error indicator (placed in the display section) is provided if any user tries to lock a device which has already been locked or vice versa.

If the user is half way entering the code or has done an error while entering the code and wants to start over all again then a reset button is provided in the display section. By pressing this button the user can start from entering the device number and so on.

The number of devices which the system can control can be increased by addition of a few components in the control unit. More security can be achieved by increasing the number of digits in the code. This can be done by minor changes in the program. The system uses the internal RAM of the 8051 to store the code and hence puts a lower limit to the number of digits in the code and also the number of devices the system can control. Once the system is installed only the display unit and keyboard unit will be accessible to the user. Access to the control unit should be provided only to an official personal since it contains the system reset button.

Real Time Clock using CAT89C4051

Ranjith — Wed, 19 Nov 2008 05:34:25 +0000

Hello friends, here is a clock project where CAT89C4051 is used as RTC. LCD is used for display. Using CGRAM area of LCD you cn create cistome characters. Here you will be able to see big and better digits in LCD. The digits are twice the size of the normal digits.

PCB design for project is also given below. A nice PCB with single layer design. This PCB is recommended for the above project

The silk screen is not so good. but you can edit it as you want and make it look better

LCD Display:

Digital clock module

Circuit Diagrams:

Circit diagram of Real Time Clock using CAT89C4051

Power Supply:

Power supply of Real Time Clock using CAT89C4051

PCB Layout:

PCB Layout

Here the program is written in C and hex file is generated using Keil C compiler. You can directly use ‘Clock.hex’ file.

Download the source codes by clicking here

By Ajay Bhargav

http://rickeyworld.info