Turbo C graphics programming
Thursday, November 20th, 2008To start with graphics programming, Turbo C is a good choice. Even though DOS has its own limitations, it is having a large number of useful functions and is easy to program. To implement graphics algorithms, To give graphical display of statistics, To view signals from any source, we can use C graphics. Here is a article to start programming with Turbo C. ‘Run and Learn’ is our method. We have used source codes throughout the explanations. Just execute them to understand what is happening.
Turbo C has a good collection of graphics libraries. If you know the basics of C, you can easily learn graphics programming. To start programming, let us write a small program that displays a circle on the screen.
/* simple.c
example 1.0
*/
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, “c:\turboc3\bgi ” );
circle(200,100,150);
getch();
closegraph();
}
To run this program, you need graphics.h header file, graphics.lib library file and Graphics driver (BGI file) in the program folder. These files are part of Turbo C package. In all our programs we used 640×480 VGA monitor. So all the programs are according to that specification. You need to make necessary changes to your programs according to your screen resolution. For VGA monitor, graphics driver used is EGAVGA.BGI.
Here, initgraph() function initializes the graphics mode and clears the screen. We will study the difference between text mode and graphics mode in detail latter.
InitGraph: Initializes the graphics system.
Declaration: void far initgraph(int far *graphdriver, int far *graphmode, char far *pathtodriver);
Remarks: To start the graphics system, you must first call initgraph.
initgraph initializes the graphics system by loading a graphics driver from disk (or validating a registered driver) then putting the system into graphics mode.
initgraph also resets all graphics settings (color, palette, current position, viewport, etc.) to their defaults, then resets graphresult to 0.
Arguments:
*graphdriver: Integer that specifies the graphics driver to be used. You can give graphdriver a value using a constant of the graphics drivers enumeration type.
*graphmode : Integer that specifies the initial graphics mode (unless *graphdriver = DETECT). If *graphdriver = DETECT, initgraph sets *graphmode to the highest resolution available for the detected driver. You can give *graphmode a value using a constant of the graphics_modes enumeration type.
pathtodriver : Specifies the directory path where initgraph looks for graphics drivers (*.BGI) first. If they’re not there, initgraph looks in the current directory. If pathtodriver is null, the driver files must be in the current directory. This is also the path settextstyle searches for the stroked character font files (*.CHR).
closegraph() function switches back the screen from graphcs mode to text mode. It clears the screen also. A graphics program should have a closegraph function at the end of graphics. Otherwise DOS screen will not go to text mode after running the program. Here, closegraph() is called after getch() since screen should not clear until user hits a key.
If you have the BGI file in the same folder of your program, you can just leave it as “” only. you need not mention *graphmode if you give *graphdriver as DETECT.
In graphics mode, all the screen co-ordinates are mentioned in terms of pixels. Number of pixels in the screen decides resolution of the screen. In the example 1.0, circle is drawn with x-coordinate of the center 200, y-coordinate 100 and radius 150 pixels. All the coordinates are mentioned with respect to top-left corner of the screen.
Basic Shapes and Colors:
Now let us write a program to draw some basic shapes.
/*
shapes.c
example 1.1
*/
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
int poly[12]={350,450, 350,410, 430,400, 350,350, 300,430, 350,450 };
initgraph(&gd, &gm, “”);
circle(100,100,50);
outtextxy(75,170, “Circle”);
rectangle(200,50,350,150);
outtextxy(240, 170, “Rectangle”);
ellipse(500, 100,0,360, 100,50);
outtextxy(480, 170, “Ellipse”);
line(100,250,540,250);
outtextxy(300,260,”Line”);
sector(150, 400, 30, 300, 100,50);
outtextxy(120, 460, “Sector”);
drawpoly(6, poly);
outtextxy(340, 460, “Polygon”);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Here is the screenshot of output:
Output of above program
Here, circle() function takes x, y coordinates of the circle with respect to left top of the screen and radius of the circle in terms of pixels as arguments. Not that, in graphics, almost all the screen parameters are measured in terms of pixels.
Function outtextxy() displays a string in graphical mode. You can use different fonts, text sizes, alignments, colors and directions of the text that we will study later. Parameters passed are x and y coordinates of the position on the screen where text is to be displayed. There is another function outtext() that displays a text in the current position. Current position is the place where last drawing is ended. These functions are declared as follows:
void far outtextxy(int x, int y, char *text);
void far outtext(char *text);
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January 29th, 2009 at 5:34 pm
please send image compression program using C.
March 9th, 2009 at 7:33 am
when i run the followed program, i have got error msg.
program
/* simple.c
example 1.0
*/
#include
#include
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, “c:\\turboc3\\bgi ” );
circle(200,100,150);
getch();
closegraph();
}
error
1.undefined symbol _closegraph
2.undefined symbol _circle
3.undefined symbol _initgraph.
and also i cant run any graphic program successfully. these types of errors are showing.
plz help me to solve this problem.
March 9th, 2009 at 7:35 am
sry, idnt know about image compression program.
March 22nd, 2009 at 12:17 pm
i wanna program which detects circle which is actually read from paint
April 7th, 2009 at 2:57 pm
shabeeb ahamed ,just you try this one once.
#include
#include
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, “” );
circle(200,100,150);
getch();
closegraph();
}
April 21st, 2009 at 11:38 am
please tell me about the turbo c graphics text explicitly
April 27th, 2009 at 12:58 pm
dis was pretty useful… but i have this project to implement the dijkstra’s algorithm for directed graphs and we were required to draw the graph in c. i have this problem in making the arrows for the directed edges as well as placing the edges witout criss crossing
April 28th, 2009 at 4:59 pm
Can any one tell me how to draw rounded rectangle and sphere?
July 9th, 2009 at 9:59 am
i need a program to draw all d figures present in car digital display… like indicators, petrol sign,etc.. can u help me in dis..
August 23rd, 2009 at 6:28 pm
Can anyone of you that could help me for the fulfilment of my requirement? I need the program that output like this..
describing figure
*it is any polygon figure that contain with string on it.
*it is combination color with shadow…
I highly expected your kindness……
August 31st, 2009 at 3:59 pm
how to correct the error -undefined symbol initgraph(),closegraph()?
September 3rd, 2009 at 4:04 pm
hi!! can i have a sample program for SWITCH CASE..thankS!!!
September 3rd, 2009 at 4:13 pm
you can send it to my email..michaeljordanl@yahoo.com!! thanks..
September 28th, 2009 at 9:23 pm
I need coding of visual bubble sort in C using graphics
September 30th, 2009 at 2:41 pm
Can any please give me a program of graph with respect to x and y
in which we can take the input of x and y and the graph is plotted
please send me as soon as possible
nareshkumar326@hotmail.com
thanking u in anticipation.
October 6th, 2009 at 6:55 pm
can you help us…?????
what is the reason why when i run the program that have a graphics…
the message is only “watch”
October 6th, 2009 at 6:57 pm
is there a connection in the monitor why turbo c that have graphic cant run….?????
please badly needed……
just send 2 my mail
mazieamolo@yahoo.com
tnx
November 19th, 2009 at 10:41 pm
need some other graphical codes like marquee
January 6th, 2010 at 6:58 pm
those who are receiving the message
linking error
1.undefined symbol _closegraph
2.undefined symbol _circle
3.undefined symbol _initgraph.
they are needed change some turobo c ide settings as
1 goto “option” menu of the menu bar
2 next to linker sub menu
3 and then to Libraries
3 put a [X] on graphics library
and the program would work perfectly fine
January 11th, 2010 at 7:45 pm
could any 1 tell me how to get to know wat address is to be specified in initgraph declaration i.e. like”c:\\tc\\bgi” my compiler cant include graphics.h. wher as i have graphics .h installed.
January 13th, 2010 at 11:35 pm
@shray
just try this
in the bgi folder in tc ,copy a file named egavga.bgi
and paste it in the bin folder ( from where we start c++)
then u no longer need to put any path in the initgraph function.
January 14th, 2010 at 2:02 pm
pleasa include syntax of each functions
January 26th, 2010 at 5:07 pm
hi 2 all…
i have some doubt…
m working in graphical mode…
in my program i need to clear screen again and again in graphical mode only thats y i cant use closegraph() again and again
and if i use clrscr() then the page become white..
so can any1 tell me that how can i clear my screen….
most probably there is some function for this can any1 tell me that function name or can help me in any way…
m very thankful 2 u;;
with regardsss
March 16th, 2010 at 10:15 pm
thanks vinay ur post was useful
March 21st, 2010 at 1:52 pm
i need a image compresion program in c…….
if you having that program means please sent me that program to this email
e-id: ajithpp1989@gmail.com
March 22nd, 2010 at 2:37 pm
I’m definitely with you on this one.
at the moment i am studying multimedia design at a little college in Melbourne and am constantly on the pursuit for new concepts and fresh perspectives on this topic. I thank you for putting up your “Turbo C graphics programming | electrofriends.com” page! it delivered some really top shelf information.
June 5th, 2010 at 3:56 pm
[...] [...]
July 7th, 2010 at 9:06 pm
how do draw sphere in tubo c using wireframe?.help me ! thanhs
September 9th, 2010 at 11:12 pm
Sehr interessant. Kommt hier noch ein weiterer Beitrag? Würde gern einiges mehr darüber erfahren. Kannst du mir per E-Mail weiterhelfen?
December 12th, 2010 at 2:10 pm
hello
In turbo c how can i run a message around the edges of the screen???
please help me..
may you can give the code plzzz.,
thank you…
Morepower!!!!
January 11th, 2011 at 9:50 am
please tell whether turbo c graphics helps to darw a sphere.
thanking you
January 22nd, 2011 at 10:06 am
please help me to create a drawing in c program. thank you.
March 20th, 2011 at 10:57 am
hey after running this code i m getting error UNABLE TO OPEN FILE “TCLASSS.LIB” plzzzz help me out thisss……
March 30th, 2011 at 9:21 am
i want to make the shape of square,,but i did not know how to make it??
April 19th, 2011 at 5:29 pm
those who are receiving the message
linking error
1.undefined symbol _closegraph
2.undefined symbol _circle
3.undefined symbol _initgraph.
they are needed change some turobo c ide settings as
1 goto “option” menu of the menu bar
2 next to linker sub menu
3 and then to Libraries
3 put a [X] on graphics library
and the program would work perfectly fine
May 5th, 2011 at 10:27 pm
Please help me with my project!.. We are going to draw this image “http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=kurochan&um=1&hl=tl&tbm=isch&tbnid=EJSypCPY8Bpw8M:&imgrefurl=http://www.pinoyexchange.com/forums/showthread.php%253Ft%253D112473%2526page%253D71&imgurl=http://img243.imageshack.us/img243/3356/digimiikun.png&w=579&h=586&ei=1dbCTa_CJJKmvQOI4ajLAQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=178&tbnw=176&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:0&biw=1280&bih=641″ to Turbo C++ or Dos Box.. Anyone can do it for me?? please
June 3rd, 2011 at 8:07 pm
use the path “c:\\tc\\bgi” at the path of “c:\\turboc\\bgi”;
June 15th, 2011 at 11:50 pm
the problem won’t be solved with your solution,I have made everything ok,but i think the problem is from graphic card,non of the graphic cards in the bgi file now are not used and are disabled,ofcourse if some1 can help me,i’ll be pleased so much,when i run a graphical program like drawing circle as an easy one,my screen gets black,what is the problem,can you help me???
July 2nd, 2011 at 5:24 pm
How can i create a table in c language?
July 11th, 2011 at 9:18 pm
Any problems with linking errors in windows 7 dos box or in xp please contact me 4 solution !!
passionatecapri@gmail.com
happy to help..:)
July 16th, 2011 at 3:56 pm
we can easily implement programs in c,c graphics is so easy we can also run events also….
July 20th, 2011 at 11:13 am
when i run the followed program, i have got error msg.
program
/* simple.c
example 1.0
*/
#include
#include
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, “c:\\turboc3\\bgi ” );
circle(200,100,150);
getch();
closegraph();
}
error
1.undefined symbol _closegraph
2.undefined symbol _circle
3.undefined symbol _initgraph.
and also i cant run any graphic program successfully. these types of errors are showing.
plz help me to solve this problem.
August 15th, 2011 at 2:38 pm
to all of them, who r having probs. dude, do u actually know how to write programs in turbo c ?? 1st of all include header files for proper output. eg. #include then define int s gd=0, gm; then use initgraph(&gd,&gm,”..//bgi”);
August 15th, 2011 at 2:48 pm
include header files graphics.h inside two angular brackets. because of this page it does not support angular brackets.
August 19th, 2011 at 2:25 pm
wanna share my own guys….
try this code:
#include
#include
main()
{
int gd = DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,”C:\\TC\BGI”); or initgraph(&gd,&gm,”D:\\TC|BGI”); -because it depends were u save your TC folder..
cirlce(100,100,50);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
{
September 14th, 2011 at 8:26 pm
It just a simple linker error goto option->linker->librarian-> and x sign on the graphics
and enjoy ur program
September 15th, 2011 at 9:16 pm
how to take those screen shots…I could not take that screen shots as a print outs..
September 30th, 2011 at 6:44 pm
hai in tat progrm ur header file is wrong
November 2nd, 2011 at 8:10 pm
i want the program code for fill colours in circle, rectangle& ellipse.
November 2nd, 2011 at 8:13 pm
c graphics code for fill colours in circle, ellipse &rectangle
December 8th, 2011 at 12:12 pm
hi… this gaurav kabra
those wo havong error for not defined _closegraph
thi file graphics.h must be included in your program
you should use the statement as #include”graphics.h”
also for the error after execution like use ‘initgraph’
the path of bgi folder is required in the initgraph()
the folder can be found in tc folder in c: & use’/’ in the path insted ‘\’
January 2nd, 2012 at 1:20 pm
i have tried all the things which are specified above for graphics programming
m a beginner but after all correction i have one error constantly coming on the execution screen
after pressing alt f5 it shows
BGI error:couldnt initialize graphics (use initgraph)
plz help me………..:’(
this is the code i have written
#include
#include
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm,”E:\TC\BGI” );
circle(200,100,150);
getch();
closegraph();
}
help plz………….
January 5th, 2012 at 2:14 pm
Hi,
I want to draw a graph for the binary value of lenght 1byte in turbo C.
Kindly help me with the code as I am new to turbo C graphics.
January 11th, 2012 at 8:23 pm
@shabeeb ahamed,
its a linker error buddy. go to option and then linker, and then put [X] to graphics mode…
January 13th, 2012 at 1:28 pm
Hello , Can anyone tell me how to toggle between Graphics mode and textual mode in c please reply fast.
January 14th, 2012 at 8:30 pm
ppl help me out na..
i need to use bck grnd color n font color so juz tell me hw to use under
January 14th, 2012 at 8:30 pm
ssry how to use under
January 14th, 2012 at 8:31 pm
January 30th, 2012 at 11:47 am
pls help me out..
i need to copy graphics output to word file.. how to take the screen shot..
prtscr_Sysrq is not working.. pls help me out guys..
January 31st, 2012 at 11:50 pm
Hi Jins, The print screen key is not working in case you want to take the screenshot. you need to use Dos box, which will be useful for this. Using this you can mount any directory (folder) and run the program in dos box window, then the printscreen key will work.
February 1st, 2012 at 8:27 pm
I’m using Win7, & I’m unable to run graphic programs under small screen & Win7 doesnt support fullscreen for Turbo C.
Can U solve my problem… plzzz….!
February 4th, 2012 at 8:17 pm
when i run the following program, i got an error
program
#include
#include
#include
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, “c:\\turboc3\\bgi ” );
circle(200,100,150);
getch();
closegraph();
}
error
BGI error:graphics not initialized(use”initgraph”)